Lesser Kestrel

The Lesser Kestrel is a small and graceful bird of prey that was once a familiar sight throughout Israel, nesting in towns, villages, and open landscapes. Over the past decades, however, its population has declined dramatically due to habitat loss, the disappearance of open hunting grounds, widespread pesticide use that reduces insect populations, and changes in urban architecture that have eliminated traditional nesting sites.

In Jerusalem, Lesser Kestrels once nested in theroofs, gutters, and wall cavities of homes in the historic Musrara (Morasha) neighborhood. Recognizing the importance of preserving both the species and Jerusalem’s unique urban biodiversity, the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo works in partnership with the Israel Nature and Parks Authority, the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, and other organizations to help secure the future of this remarkable bird.

The Zoo supports the conservation of the Lesser Kestrel through a combination of breeding, research, education, and public engagement. A unique exhibit recreates the façade of a traditional Jerusalem house, complete with the nesting cavities that these birds naturally seek. The breeding pairs living in the exhibit produce eggs that are incubated and hatched as part of the Zoo’s conservation program, with many of the young birds ultimately released into the wild to strengthen Israel’s wild population.

Each year, the Zoo welcomes Lesser Kestrels that have been treated at the Wildlife Hospital but are unable to return to the wild due to permanent injuries. These birds become part of the breeding program ,allowing them to continue contributing to the conservation of their species. Their offspring are raised for eventual release, ensuring that rescued birds play an active role in rebuilding wild populations.

Scientific research is an essential part of the conservation effort. In collaboration with Azrieli College, the Zoo has conducted studies on the breeding behavior and nesting success of its Lesser Kestrel pairs, helping researchers better understand the species' needs and improve conservation strategies both in captivity and in the wild.

Through habitat restoration, breeding programs, education, and research, the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo is helping ensure that future generations will once again see Lesser Kestrels nesting in and around Jerusalem.

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Photo: Shai Ben Ami